The Epidemiology of Human Herpesvirus-8: Transmission of Infection to Children in Zambian Households
نویسنده
چکیده
................................................................................................................................................. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .........................................................................................................................iv TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................................vi CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................................... 1 THE HERPESVIRUSES ................................................................................................................................... 1 HERPESVIRUS CLASSIFICATIONS .................................................................................................................. 2 Alphaherpesviruses ................................................................................................................................ 3 Betaherpesviruses .................................................................................................................................. 3 Gammaherpesviruses ............................................................................................................................. 4 EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS .................................................................................................................................. 5 HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-8 .............................................................................................................................. 6 HHV-8 Genome organization ................................................................................................................ 6 Latent phase of infection ........................................................................................................................ 7 Lytic phase of infection .......................................................................................................................... 8 HHV-8 immune responses ..................................................................................................................... 9 Immune modulation by HHV-8 ............................................................................................................ 10 Epigenetics ........................................................................................................................................... 13 Pathogenic Mechanisms of HHV-8 ...................................................................................................... 15 Diseases caused by HHV-8 .................................................................................................................. 16 Transmission of HHV8......................................................................................................................... 22 HHV-8 Diagnostics .............................................................................................................................. 26 HHV-8 in Zambia ................................................................................................................................ 28 STUDY AIMS .............................................................................................................................................. 29 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................. 32 TABLES ................................................................................................................................................... 43 CHAPTER 2: THE ZAMBIA CHILDREN’S KS-HHV8 STUDY: RATIONALE, STUDY DESIGN, AND STUDY METHODS .......................................................................................................................... 44 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................. 45 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 46 MATERIALS AND METHODS .............................................................................................................. 48 Study population and site ..................................................................................................................... 48 Screening for enrollment ..................................................................................................................... 48 Enrollment and follow-up .................................................................................................................... 50 Data management ................................................................................................................................ 52 DISCUSSION........................................................................................................................................... 57 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................................... 61 TABLES AND FIGURES ................................................................................................................................ 63 CHAPTER 3: RISK FACTORS FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD INFECTION OF HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-8 IN ZAMBIAN CHILDREN: THE ROLE OF EARLY CHILDHOOD FEEDING PRACTICES ................................................................................................................................................ 70 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................. 7
منابع مشابه
Risk factors for early childhood infection of human herpesvirus-8 in Zambian children: the role of early childhood feeding practices.
BACKGROUND Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infection in early childhood is common throughout sub-Saharan Africa with prevalence increasing throughout childhood. Specific routes of transmission have not been clearly delineated, though HHV-8 is present in high concentrations in saliva. METHODS To understand the horizontal transmission of HHV-8 within households to children, we enrolled for cross-se...
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The epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus in Zambia has led to a dramatic rise in the incidence of human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8)–associated Kaposi’s sarcoma in both adults and children. However, there is a paucity of knowledge about the routes of HHV-8 transmission to young children. The Zambia Children’s KS-HHV8 Study, a large, prospective cohort study in Lusaka, Zambia, was launched in 2004 ...
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